There are six main things I look for when evaluating a rug. While the weight of each varies with the type of rug being evaluated, each is important. I encourage you to carefully consider each of these when selecting the right rug for you:

One of my favorite expressions is: the three most important aspects of rugs are color, color, and color. I can’t overstate how true this is. A great design with poor color is far less desirable than an average design with great color.

What is great color? Natural (or vegetal) dyes and insect dyes produce wonderful saturated earthy colors with lots of subtle shading within one dye lot, which we refer to as “Abrash.”

Abrash can also be the result of different dye lots being employed by the weaver while working in one area of the rug. Rug collectors tend to seek out rugs that contain all natural dyes. While they won’t rule out acquiring a great rug that has a small amount of synthetic dye, it has to be an example that is otherwise hard to find. You don’t see Abrash in a synthetic dye. For example, if you have a rug with a synthetic red field, there is no shading whatsoever.

Dr. Jon Thompson, in one of his lectures said, “Looking at a rug with no Abrash is like listening to a violin piece with no vibrato.” Color is the soul of the rug.

There are several elements of design, including (but not limited to) the use of space, shape, detail, proportion, balance, and harmony. Broadly speaking, good design is a subjective measure of preference between rugs, but within rug types we can more objectively judge the quality and appeal of design.

Design reflects the planning, skill, and creativity of a weaver and can even reflect a dialogue, similar to the call and response of jazz improvisation, between multiple weavers of the same rug.

Judging design is part gut feeling and part recognizing the subtle differences among a large number of rugs.

As with any antique, rarity increases the value of a rug. Rarity can go beyond the age of a rug to include uniqueness of artistic vision and execution.

Craftsmanship covers the quality of the wool and dye and the skill of the weaver. For the most part, I prefer for the rug to be rectilinear and lay flat, but I don’t rule out a rug that is crooked if it has great merit, especially if it is a tribal or village rug.

It is worth noting that knots per square inch is not the sole measure of quality, wearability, and craftsmanship. The number of knots per square inch will vary by rug type and be larger for workshop rugs than for village or nomadic rugs. More important are the quality of the wool, the dye that was used, and the skill and care involved in weaving the carpet.

With antique rugs, we want to get as close to original condition as possible. While in general antique oriental rugs are extremely well made and durable, decades of use can sometimes result in deterioration of the pile, color, selvedge, etc.

In judging a rug, I assess the degree and evenness of pile wear, the amount of color fading or if there is bleeding (including ensuring that the rug has not been antique washed to dampen the colors), the completeness of the rug (sometimes people try to repair rugs by cutting off edges and borders), and that the amount and quality of restoration is acceptable (the rarer the rug, the more restoration acceptable).

I also evaluate the degree to which the fringe and selvedge remain intact, and assess where there is any moth damage or dry rot.

While rugs in great condition are highly desirable, a little bit of wear also gives character to many rugs.

When it comes down to it, the real decision is just about overall feel. Is the rug beautiful? Is there good use of color, creativity, balance, scale, proportion, and harmony? If you love a rug, that is really all that matters.

Whether your search for enjoyment of rugs rests with enhancing your décor or building a collection, let your soul guide you and trust your taste and instincts. It will be well worth it.